![]() ![]() Antibody levels were measured at three time points: before or up to 3 d after dose 1 within 7–21 d after dose 1 and within 7–21 d after dose 2. A total of 217 individuals (ten with prior infection) provided blood samples at all three time points. Vaccine recipients ( n = 1,090) who provided at least one blood sample for antibody testing were aged 41.9 ± 12.2 years and were 60.7% female and 53.3% non-White (Table 1): 981 vaccine recipients, including 78 with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, provided baseline (pre-vaccine) samples 525 (35 with prior infection) provided samples after dose 1 and 239 (11 with prior infection) provided samples after dose 2. We enrolled healthcare workers from across a large academic medical center in Southern California. We compared the responses of individuals with confirmed prior infection to those of individuals without prior evidence of infection. ![]() To this end, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses after the first and second doses of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) mRNA vaccine in a large and diverse cohort of healthcare workers. Recent small studies have indicated that individuals with prior infection might have naturally acquired immunity that could be sufficiently enhanced by a single dose rather than a double dose of administered vaccine 7, 8. Emerging immune data, including detectable presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and virus-specific T cells, have suggested possible alternate vaccination strategies for previously infected individuals 4, 5, 6. Challenges to the supply chain have prompted queries around whether single-dose administration rather than double-dose administration might suffice for certain individuals, including those recovered from prior infection. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), offer great promise for curbing the spread of infection 1, 2, 3.
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